Update on eosinophilic esophagitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is increasing. It is important for practitioners to be aware of the disease and its presenting symptoms. RECENT FINDINGS: It is important to distinguish EoE from proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-responsive esophageal eosinophilia. Patients with PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia exhibit symptoms of esophageal dysfunction (often with endoscopic findings suggestive of EoE) with esophageal eosinophilia that responds to PPI treatment. SUMMARY: EoE was identified as a 'new disease' over 20 years ago. Two consensus articles have since been published (as well as an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management) highlighting diagnostic criteria, treatment options and potential complications of untreated disease. There is still much that needs to be learned and there are still many controversies left unanswered. No cure has been identified for EoE. Current therapy revolves around diet restriction and use of steroids to reduce the number of eosinophils in the esophagus and improve symptom control. Possibly future research will identify new targets for treatment that hopefully will lead to new treatment options for patients suffering with this disease as well as nonendoscopic methods to monitor treatment response.