Molecular analysis of blood with micro-/nanoscale field-effect-transistor biosensors.

Rapid and accurate molecular blood analysis is essential for disease diagnosis and management. Field Effect Transistor (FET) biosensors are a type of device that promise to advance blood point-of-care testing by offering desirable characteristics such as portability, high sensitivity, brief detection time, low manufacturing cost, multiplexing, and label-free detection. By controlling device parameters, desired FET biosensor performance is obtained. This review focuses on the effects of sensing environment, micro/nanoscale device structure, operation mode, and surface functionalization on device performance and long-term stability.