DETERMINACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD PLAGUICIDA DE LA SAPONINA DEL MOJUELO DE QUINUA

There is sufficient evidence of the problem due to the use of synthetic pesticides produced and marketed on a large scale. For this reason, there is a need to look for new alternatives of natural pesticides that contribute to agricultural production minimizing the risks that their use can cause. Therefore, the objective of this work was to recover the quinoa scarified residue to generate an organic insecticide, in addition to validating the product with fruit fly samples (Drosophila melanogaster). To obtain saponin, the ingredient which the insecticide is based on, the most efficient method was maceration in a 1:1 solution of water-alcohol for 96 hours at 20 degrees of temperature. The materials needed for the extraction are amber bottles and a tray dryer to remove moisture prior to maceration. Water and alcohol were used as main reagents. When extracted with the dry raw material (residue), a higher saponin yield was obtained. Then two formulations with different variations of extracted saponin were done. The first formulation with 20 g of saponin and the second formulation with 40 g of saponin. The treatments were applied by atomization in test of the LD50 with the death of 50% of insects put to test. The results indicate that formulation two is the most efficient since it resulted in the death of 50% of the insects in a specific number.