GIS-Based Multi-Criteria and Multi-Objective Evaluation for Sustainable Land-Use Planning (Case Study: Qaleh Ganj County, Iran) “Landuse Planning Using MCE and Mola”

Land evaluation is a key factor in land-use spatial planning, affecting both success and sustainability. This study showcases the value of using the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) GIS decision-making tools determine the most favorable spatial development of various land-use types, for Qaleh Ganj County in Iran. Weighted linear combination (WLC) and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) were used to assess the potential of seven land uses based on predefined criteria. MOLA was also used for land-use zoning based on suitability. The results derived from these techniques indicate that the rangeland zone with 30.80% and the ecotourism zone with 22.9% have the highest suitability potential, and aquaculture with 0.26% and tourism with 0.24% have the lowest potential in Qaleh Ganj. Considering the 7 land uses and a lot of defined criteria, MCE and MOLA provided an automatic and flexible way of dealing with qualitative multi-dimensional environmental effects, factors, constraints and objectives. The combination of WLC and OWA helped to manage selection factors differently, as their level of risk and trade-off is different. The result can be considered as optimal suitability maps with an environmental preservation goal which can help to protect the natural environment of this area, and will also allow for continued economic development. The approach described in this study can help developing countries and the sensitive area facing environmental challenges due to rapid development. This approach and its application procedures can be applied to similar territorial contexts, where several territorial factors should be considered and taken into account.