ФАРМАКОТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ПРЕПАРАТОВ СЕРЕБРА И ВИСМУТА

There was studied the structure and size of silver and bismuth nanoparticles in preparations Enterovis and Argovit, as well as pharmacological and toxicological properties of these preparations in treating infectious gastroenterites in calves. Bismuth nanoparticles in Enterovis under the microscope represent oval, flat polyhedrons of polymorphic form of 2 to 100 mcm in size, and they, being dissolved, are particles of 4 to 6 nm in size. Investigations by means of transmission electron microscopy allowed us to establish polymorphism of silver nanoparticles in Argovit, as well as their size of 67.7 ± 19.4 nm, with a degree of ellipticity of 1.3 ± 0.3. A 1:10 dilution of Argovit with distilled water caused a decrease in the size of nanoparticles to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm, with the ellipticity degree of 1.19 ± 0.14. The minimum bacteriostatic concentrations of silver and bismuth preparations against reference strains ranged as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 from 25 to 125 pg/ml, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 from 100 to 200, Shigella sonnei N20044 from 25 to 100, Staphylococcus aureus 209 p from 12.5 to 150, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 from 6.25 to 150 pg/ml. The study of toxicology of preparations containing silver and bismuth nanoparticles showed the absence of toxic effects in laboratory animals. The therapeutic efficacy of Enterovis and Agrovit was studied when treating calves with diarrhea signs for gastroenteritis. The use of the preparations studied made it possible to reduce the die-off of calves 1.5–10 times, while reducing the duration of the treatment 1.5–3.0 times.