Postprandial lipaemia following consumption of a meal enriched with medium chain saturated and/or long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. A randomised cross-over study
2020
Summary Background and aims Postprandial lipaemic response has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary fats such as medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) are known to reduce postprandial lipaemic responses. The combination of the two could potentially have complementary and/or synergistic effects for optimising cardiovascular health. This study aims to investigate the effects of MCSFA (coconut oil) with or without LCn-3PUFA (fish oil) inclusion in the test meal on postprandial blood lipids in healthy adults. Methods In a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial cross-over study, participants (n=15) were randomised to receive four standardised isocaloric test meals. Test meals include: placebo [PL, containing no fish oil (0g EPA & DHA) or coconut oil (0g MCSFA)], fish oil [FO, 6g fish oil (3.85g EPA & DHA), containing no coconut oil (0g MCSFA)], coconut oil [CO, 18.65g coconut oil (15g MCSFA), containing no fish oil (0g EPA & DHA)] and coconut oil + fish oil [COFO, 18.65g coconut oil (15g MCSFA) + 6g fish oil (3.85g EPA & DHA)]; all providing a total fat content of 33.5g. Participants received all four treatments on four separate test days with at least 3 days washout in between. Blood parameters were measured by finger pricks at 7 timepoints between 0-300min. The primary outcome of this study was the change in postprandial TG concentrations with secondary outcomes as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose concentrations. Results TG area under the curve (AUC) (mmol/L/min) was significantly lower for FO (383.67, p=0.0125) and COFO (299.12, p=0.0186) in comparison to PL (409.17) only. TG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) (mmol/L/min) was significantly lower with COFO (59.67) in comparison to CO (99.86), (p=0.0480). Compared to PL, the change in absolute TG concentrations (mmol/L) from baseline to post TG peak time (180min) after FO were significantly less at 240min (0.39 vs 0.15), 270min (0.2 vs 0.1), and 300min (0.28 vs 0.06), and after COFO was significantly less at 300min (0.28 vs 0.16) (p Conclusions Our study demonstrated that MCSFA with or without LCn-3PUFA but not MCSFA alone are effective in reducing postprandial TG in healthy individuals. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00123456.
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