Uso de Plantas com Fins Medicinais no Município de Barra – BA

Este trabalho foi realizado no Assentamento de Reforma Agraria Sitio Novo, Barra–BA, objetivando conhecer as especies medicinais e suas formas de uso adotadas pela populacao local. Entre Abril e Maio de 2015 foram realizadas entrevistas com aplicacao de questionarios estruturados. Todos os entrevistados fazem uso de plantas medicinais e cultivam alguma especie em suas residencias, usam as plantas por tradicao familiar e por se tratar de um remedio natural  consomem principalmente quando estao doentes. Foram registradas 258 citacoes, nas quais foram relatadas a utilizacao de varias partes vegetais das 41 especies, em 11 formas de preparo, com diferentes finalidades terapeuticas. As folhas e as cascas foram as partes mais utilizadas e os chas a principal forma de uso. As familias Lamiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae e Rutaceae foram aquelas com maior representatividade e adocao medicinal. As especies mais citadas foram a Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo – 15,5%), Lantana camara L. (Camara – 10,5%), Mentha sp.  (Hortela Miudo – 9,7%), Ocimum basilicum L. (Manjericao – 5,4%) e Ruta graveolens L. (Arruda – 4,6%) que corresponderam por 45,7% das citacoes. Entre as indicacoes terapeuticas citadas, destacam-se: doencas associadas ao sistema respiratorio, indicacoes anti-inflamatorias, hipertensao, calmante e doencas associadas ao sistema digestivo. Nota-se que os moradores sao detentores de um vasto conhecimento empirico relacionados a etnobotânica e as condicoes climaticas relacionadas ao manejo da flora da regiao e que o uso de plantas medicinais para fins terapeuticos e marcante, evidenciando que o uso popular de plantas medicinais esta inserido significativamente nas esferas social e cultural dessa comunidade, o que assegurara a perpetuacao dos costumes entre as proximas geracoes. Use plants with medicinal purposes in Barra - BA Municipality Abstract: This work was carried out in the Settlement Land Reform New Site, Barra-BA, in order to know the medicinal plants and their use forms adopted by local people. Between April and May 2015 interviews were conducted with structured questionnaires. All respondents make use of medicinal plants and cultivate some kind in their homes, use plants by family tradition and because it is a natural remedy consuming especially when they are sick. 258 citations were registered, in which were reported the use of various plant parts of 41 species, 11 types of preparation, with different therapeutic purposes. The leaves and bark were the most used parts and teas the main form of use. The Lamiaceae families, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae were those with greater representation and medicinal adoption. The most cited species were Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo - 15.5%), Lantana camara L. (Camara - 10.5%), Mentha sp. (Mint Kid - 9.7%), Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil - 5.4%) and Ruta graveolens L. (Arruda - 4.6%) which accounted for 45.7% of the citations. Among the therapeutic indications mentioned, include: diseases associated with respiratory, anti-inflammatory indications, hypertension, soothing and diseases associated with the digestive system. Note that the residents are in possession of a vast empirical knowledge related to ethnobotany and climatic conditions related to the management of the flora of the region and the use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes is striking, showing that the popular use of medicinal plants is inserted significantly in the social and cultural spheres of the community, which will ensure the perpetuation of customs among the next generations.