Ultrasound for anaesthetists

Abstract With the increasing use of ultrasound in operating theatres, critical care units and accident and emergency departments it is important that operators are aware of the fundamentals, which underpin these imaging systems. Failure to do so can result in inadequate examination and potential clinical errors. The basic physics and technology of ultrasound are outlined. The principles of Doppler ultrasound are described and the methods in which Doppler data are displayed are considered. The parameters that can be modified by the operator and the effects these have on the resultant image are discussed. Advice is given on how to set up an ultrasound system and optimize the image. Examples are given of the use of ultrasound in the clinical environment with emphasis on the type of application most likely to be encountered by the anaesthetist.