The origin of external oxygen in Jupiter and Saturn's environments

This paper reviews the recent findings of the Herschel Solar System Observations Key Program (Hartogh et al. 2009b), as well as ground-based supporting observations, regarding the origin of external oxygen in the environments of Jupiter and Saturn. Herschel-HIFI and PACS observations have been used to shown that the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet is the source of Jupiter’s stratospheric water, and that Enceladus (and its geysers) are most probably the source of water for Saturn and Titan.