Spacecraft docking system and method

A spacecraft docking system and method, the system comprising an active docking device (100) and a passive docking device (200), the active docking device (100) comprising an active docking ring (101) and a docking frame (104), and the active docking device (100) further comprising three sets of buffering mechanisms (102). Each set of buffering mechanisms (102) comprises a main buffer, two screw nut assemblies (303) and a deviation buffer. Upper and lower ends of the screw nut assemblies (303) are respectively movably connected to the active docking ring (101) and the docking frame (104). The two screw nut assemblies (303) in each set are simultaneously driven by a main buffer to stretch, and the two screw nut assemblies (303) are also interconnected by means of the deviation buffer so as to achieve relative stretch adjustment of the two screw nut assemblies (303) by means of the deviation buffer.