Molecular Receptors. Functionalized and chiral macrocyclic polyethers derived from tartaric acid

A number of functionalized and chiral macrocyclic polyethers have been synthesized by condensation of the dithallium alcoholate of (R,R)-(+)-tartaric acid derivatives with α, ω-dihalides. In this way for instance, the tetracarboxylic [18]-O6 macrocycle 3c and its derivatives become readily available. They form complexes with various cationic substrates. NMR. and crystal-structure data provide information about the orientation of the side chains X in 3 with respect to the macrocycle. It is concluded that in the secondary amides like 3b and in their complexes the four X-groups are preferentially in an axial orientation on the average. This property is of much significance for the design of molecular receptors and catalysts based on this macrocyclic structure. The preparation of a number of other macrocycles is also described.