Fabrication of a solution-gated transistor based on valinomycin modified iron oxide nanoparticles decorated zinc oxide nanorods for potassium detection

Abstract There are considerable interests to detect and monitor the abnormal level of minerals in water for avoiding/preventing any toxic effects after consumption. Herein, we report the fabrication of solution-gated field-effect-transistor (FET) based potassium sensor using iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) modified directly grown zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). The Fe 2 O 3 NPs modification of ZnO NRs provided stability to nanorods surface and improved surface area for valinomycin immobilization. As-fabricated potassium sensor (valinomycin-Fe 2 O 3 NPs-ZnO NRs/SiO 2 /Si) provided enhanced current response with increasing potassium concentration. During sensing measurements, FET sensor showed high sensitivity (4.65 μA/μM/cm 2 ) in the linear range of 0.1 μM to 125 μM, low limit of detection (∼0.04 μM), good stability, excellent reproducibility, and favorable selectivity. Thus, good sensing performance of the FET based potassium sensor presents it as simple, low-cost, and convenient device for selective detection of potassium in solution.