Sistemas nacionales de ciencia y tecnología de Venezuela y Ecuador

espanolDesde hace varios anos, los paises de America Latina han constituido sistemas nacionales para el desarrollo de la ciencia, tecnologia e innovacion, a traves de instituciones publicas y privadas, generando avances significativos para la region; esto ha motivado a comparar los sistemas de ciencia y tecnologia de Venezuela y Ecuador, indagando la planeacion, ejecucion y promocion de ciencia y tecnologia de ambos paises. La investigacion es documental y descriptiva, desde la vision de Da Silva (2002), Escorsa y Valls (2003), UNESCO (2010), entre otros. Se concluye que Ecuador ha tenido un avance significativo al desarrollar una estructura de intermediacion basada en planes para estimular la competitividad entre recursos humanos nacionales e internacionales, como practica de integracion cientifica para la promocion y optimizacion de la ciencia y la tecnologia de su pais; sin embargo, Venezuela tiene mas tiempo proyectando dicho sistema, lo cual se evidencia en una estructura de intermediacion mas amplia, usando incentivos economicos para promover la innovacion, y el potenciamiento del desarrollo endogeno local. A pesar de los avances, aun queda mucho por hacer sobre la tematica, para que ambos paises cumplan las expectativas que propician sus politicas publicas. EnglishFor several years now, Latin American countries have established national systems for the development of science, technology and innovation, through public and private institutions, generating significant advances for the region; this has motivated to compare the systems of science and technology of Venezuela and Ecuador, investigating the planning, execution and promotion of science and technology of both countries. The research is documentary and descriptive, since perspective of Da Silva (2002),Escorsa y Valls (2003), UNESCO (2010), and other more. It is concluded that Ecuador has made significant progress in developing an intermediation structure based on plans to stimulate the competitiveness between national and international human resources, as a practice of scientific integration for the promotion and optimization of science and technology of its country. However, Venezuela has more time projecting this system, which is evidenced in a broader intermediation structure, using economic incentives to promote innovation, and the enhancement of local endogenous development, with the presence of an evaluating body. Despite the progress, much remains to be done on the issue, so that both countries meet the expectations that are conducive to their public policies.