Efeito da suplementação de óleo de cártamo sobre o peso corporal, perfil lipídico, glicídico e antioxidante de ratos wistar induzidos a obesidade

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementacao de oleo de cartamo sobre peso corporal, perfis lipidico e glicidico e capacidade da atividade antioxidante enzimatica em ratos Wistar induzidos a obesidade por dieta hiperlipidica. Utilizaram-se 28 ratos adultos, machos, distribuidos em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo Controle e dieta normolipidica (GCN); Grupo controle e dieta hiperlipidica (GCH); Grupo Oleo de cartamo e dieta normolipidica (GNOC) e Grupo Oleo de cartamo e dieta hiperlipidica (GHOC). Durante 30 dias, observaram-se consumo alimentar e peso corporal e, ao final do experimento, glicemia, perfil lipidico, formacao de Substâncias Reativas ao Acido Tiobarbiturico (TBARS) e atividade das enzimas antioxidantes: Catalase (CAT), Glutationa Peroxidase (GHS-Px) e Superoxido dismutase (SOD). Os resultados demonstraram que o consumo alimentar foi menor nos grupos tratados com oleo de cartamo e a media do peso corporal foi inferior no GNOC e superior no GCH. Houve aumento das concentracoes de Lipoproteina de Alta Densidade (HDL-colesterol) no GNOC. Os grupos GCH e GHOC demonstraram medias de TBARS superiores a dos grupos GCN e GNOC. O GCH apresentou menor GSH-Px e o GHOC, menor atividade de CAT quando comparado aos grupos GCN e GNOC. Concluiu-se que a suplementacao com oleo de cartamo reduziu consumo alimentar e o ganho de peso corporal dos animais aumentou o HDL-colesterol no grupo com dieta normolipidica, mas nao foi capaz de prevenir o aumento da peroxidacao lipidica induzida pela dieta hiperlipidica, embora tenha evitado a reducao da atividade antioxidante enzimatica representada pela GHS-Px. Palavras-Chave: Cartamo. Oleo. Enzimas Antioxidantes. Dieta Hiperlipidica. Consumo de Alimentos. Obesidade. ABSTRACT Effects of safflower oil supplementation on body weight, glucose and lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in rats with diet-induced obesity The aim of this study was to assess the effects of safflower oil supplementation on body weight, glucose and lipid profiles and the antioxidant enzyme activities in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. The 28 adult male rats were divided into four groups: Control Group fed on Standard (low-fat) Diet (GCN); Control Group fed on High-fat Diet (GCH); Safflower Oil Group with Standard Diet (GNOC) and Safflower Oil Group with High-fat Diet (GHOC). Food intake and body weight were monitored for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected for assays of blood glucose, lipid profile, formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities: viz. catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results showed that food intake was lower in the groups treated with safflower oil and that the average body weight was lower in GNOC and higher in GCH. There were increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) in GNOC. Both high-fat groups (GCH and GHOC) showed higher average TBARS than GCN and GNOC. GCH showed lower GSH-Px activity and GHOC showed lower CAT activity than GCN and GNOC. It was concluded that supplementation with safflower oil reduced the food intake and body weight of the animals, and increased the HDL-cholesterol in the normal diet group, but did not prevent the increase in lipid peroxidation induced by the high-fat diet, despite having prevented the reduction of the antioxidant enzyme activity of GSH-Px. Keywords: Safflower. Oil. Enzymes. Antioxidants. Hyperlipidemic diet. Food intake. Obesity.