Passive positioning system based on ultra wide band (UWB) and positioning method

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication network positioning, and in particular relates to a passive positioning system based on ultra wide band (UWB) and a positioning method thereof. The positioning system comprises more than three positioning base stations and a UWB positioner which comprises antenna, a UWB receiver, a high-definition clock, a positioner data processing unit and a positioning engine; the positioning base station comprises a base station code ID generating unit, a time synchronization unit, a data processing unit, a UWB transceiver, a high-definition clock and an antenna. According to system and method, the positioning is performed by combing positioning technologies such as the extremely narrow pulse UWB signal and TDOA, the high-definition positioning independent of the horizontal and vertical direction of the external communication network is achieved, the positioning problem in the area with poor satellite or communications signals is solved, the system and method can be widely applied to indoor and outdoor working environments, particularly enclosed environments such as civil defense, disaster relief and other emergency sites with interrupted signals, and tunnels.