Model-based optimization of multi-hole injector spray targeting for gasoline direct injection

Gasoline engines with direct injection and turbocharging are an integral part in future powertrain topologies and hence show the potential to yield substantial market share [1]. High-level requirements for upcoming development work are imposed by worldwide exhaust gas emission legislations as well as end customer demands towards the vehicle manufacturer. This implies reductions of gaseous and particulate emissions under on road conditions and the balancing between driving performance, fuel consumption/CO2 and NVH characteristics.