Bottom sediment active covering system and method for controlling sedimentary phosphate release

The invention provides a bottom sediment active covering system for controlling sedimentary phosphate release. The bottom sediment active covering system comprises two earthwork cloth layers and a bottom sediment covering material layer between the two earthwork cloth layers, wherein the bottom sediment covering material layer is a combination comprising calcite and hydroxyapatite with the weight ratio of 5:1-1000:1, and particle sizes of the calcite and the hydroxyapatite are both 6-600 meshes. The invention also provides an application of the bottom sediment active covering system for controlling sedimentary phosphate release. The bottom sediment active covering system has the advantages that the earthwork cloth layers can be used for effectively preventing the integrity of a whole structure of the bottom sediment covering material layer from being damaged by the external conditions, and the disabled bottom sediment covering material layer is also simple to regularly change; the bottom sediment covering material layer is formed by the combination of the calcite and the hydroxyapatite with the weight ratio of 5:1-1000:1, so that release of bottom sediments can be effectively inhibited, fixing velocity of phosphate in the bottom sediments is rapid, and the fixing efficiency is high; and the bottom sediment active covering system is economic and is suitable to be widely popularized.