Prospecção de Aureobasidium pullulans, Isolado do Bioma Caatinga, no Biocontrole de Colletotrichum truncatum em Sementes de Soja

2020 
O fungo Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore e um importante fitopatogeno em varias culturas de interesse economico, inclusive na soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril), causando a doenca conhecida como antracnose. Apesar do controle quimico ser o metodo de controle mais usado pelos produtores rurais, o controle biologico se apresenta como uma alternativa sustentavel para o manejo desta doenca. Esta pesquisa avaliou o potencial do fungo Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Lowenthal) G. Arnaud, originario do bioma Caatinga, no controle de C. truncatum. Foi avaliado o efeito inibitorio sobre o crescimento micelial do patogeno a partir de compostos volateis (in vitro), alem de testes in vivo. Foram analisadas as variaveis germinacao, indice de velocidade de germinacao (IVG), massa seca e sanidade das sementes. Nos ensaios in vitro, os compostos volateis produzidos pelo antagonista nao apresentaram acao inibitoria expressiva a C. truncatum. Nos testes in vivo, foi observada a acao inibitoria de A. pullulans a C. truncatum em sementes de soja, por meio dos tratamentos preventivo e curativo. O tratamento preventivo proporcionou maior efetividade em relacao ao tratamento curativo, evidenciando media superior de IVG (41,84) e menor incidencia do patogeno (16,00%).  Desse modo, verificam-se as perspectivas do uso de A. pullulans no biocontrole de C. truncatum, especialmente, quando se realiza o tratamento preventivo. Este e o primeiro relato de A. pullulans sobre C. truncatum.   Palavras-chave: Antagonismo Microbiano. Controle Biologico. Fungos. Fitopatogeno.   Abstract The fungus Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore is an important phytopathogen in several crops of economic interest, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril), causing a disease known as anthracnose. Although chemical control is the most used control method by farmers, biological control presents itself as a sustainable alternative for the management of this disease. This study evaluated the potential of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Lowenthal) G. Arnaud, originating from Caatinga biome vegetation, in the control of C. truncatum. The inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was evaluated from volatile compounds produced by the antagonist (in vitro) in addition to the in vivo tests. The following variables were analyzed, germination, germination speed index (GSI), dry mass and seed health. In the in vitro assays the volatile compounds produced by the antagonist presented no significant inhibitory action against C. truncatum. In in vivo tests, an inhibitory action of A. pullulans and C. truncatum was observed in soybean seeds, through preventive and curative treatments. The preventive treatment provided greater effectiveness in relation to the curative treatment, showing higher average of GSI (41.84) and lower incidence of the pathogen (16.00%). Thus, the perspectives of the use of A. pullulans in the biocontrol of C. truncatum are verified, especially when the preventive treatment is carried out. This is the first report of A. pullulans on C. truncatum.   Keywords: Microbial Antagonism. Biological Control. Fungi. Phytopathogen.
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