Hydrogen sulphide and the kidney: important roles in renal physiology and pathogenesis and treatment of kidney injury and disease.
2015
Abstract The kidney is an essential mammalian organ that serves to filter toxins and metabolic by-products out of the blood, which are then excreted through urine. Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) is a recently characterized, endogenous gaseous molecule with important physiological roles. Many interesting roles continue to be identified for H 2 S related specifically to the kidney. The current review discusses how production and action of H 2 S influences normal physiology of the kidney. We investigate as well the many roles H 2 S plays in the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney injury and disease, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), ureteral obstruction (UO), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) and renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We suggest that H 2 S plays a complex and essential role in the normal function of the kidney and dysregulation of H 2 S production can directly or indirectly contribute to the pathogenesis of renal disease and injury. Also, H 2 S could be a promising potential therapeutic treatment to decrease the severity of several renal diseases. Further research will identify increasingly important and complex roles for H 2 S in renal physiology and how H 2 S can be effectively utilized to improve clinical outcomes of renal disease.
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