A multicenter disease management program for hospitalized patients with heart failure

Background: Despite the availability of proven therapies, outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) remain poor. In this 2-stage, multicenter trial, we evaluated the effect of a disease management program on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with HF. MethodsandResults: In Stage 1, a pharmacist or nurse assessed each patient and made recommendations to the physician to add or adjust angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and other HF medications. Before discharge (Stage 2), patients were randomized to a patient support program (PSP) (education about HF, self-monitoring, adherence aids, newsletters, telephone hotline, and follow-up at 2 weeks, then monthly for 6 months after discharge) or usual care. In Stage 1 (766 patients) ACE inhibitor use increased from 58% on admission to 83% at discharge (P .0001), and the daily dose (in enalapril equivalents) increased from 11.3 8.8 mg to 14.5 8.8 mg (P .0001). In Stage 2 (276 patients) there was no difference in ACE inhibitor adherence, but a reduction in cardiovascular-related emergency room visits (49 versus 20, P .030), hospitalization days (812 versus 341, P .003), and cost of care ($CDN 2,531 less per patient) in favor of the PSP. Conclusion: Simple interventions can improve ACE inhibitor use and patient outcomes.