Technological aspects of producing gradient planar waveguides for LPWG structures
2014
This paper presents the technological aspect of producing gradient planar waveguides for Long Period Grating
Waveguide structures (LPWG). Such waveguides are produced by the Ag + ↔Na + ion exchange method in Pyrex glass.
By a sequence of ion exchange technological processes the refractive profiles of waveguides (multimode area) can be
produced in this glass, so that the chosen corrugation period allows the resonant coupling of power conducted in the TE 0
fundamental mode to the modes of higher order. On the basis of the determined temperature dependences of diffusion
coefficients of exchanged ions the conditions of preliminary diffusion, heating and secondary diffusion (ultimately
giving the required refractive index profile of the waveguide) have been determined. The technological processes
mentioned above have been realized. After each of these processes the measurements of effective refractive indices of
modes have been carried out. A comparison of the values and of the theoretical results has been made as well.
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