Large 3D direct laser written scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
2018
We report on the fabrication of three-dimensional direct laser written scaffolds for tissue engineering and the seeding of
primary fibroblasts on these structures. Scaffolds are realized by two-photon absorption induced polymerization in the
inorganic-organic hybrid polymer OrmoComp using a 515 nm femtosecond laser. A nonstop single-line single-pass
writing process is implemented in order to produce periodic reproducible large scaled structures with a dimension in the
range of several millimeters and reduce process time to less than one hour. This method allows us to determine
optimized process parameters for writing stable structures while achieving pore sizes ranging from 5 μm to 90 μm and a
scanning speed of up to 5 mm/s. After a multi-stage post-treatment, normal human dermal fibroblasts are applied to the
scaffolds to test if these macroscopic structures with large surface and numerous small gaps between the pores provide
nontoxic conditions. Furthermore, we study the cell behavior in this environment and observe both cell growth on as well
as ingrowth on the three-dimensional structures. In particular, fibroblasts adhere and grow also on the vertical walls of
the scaffolds.
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