Pedicle muscle flaps and their applications in the surgery of repair

Abstract The development and use of pedicled muscle flaps is described for the following purposes: Repair of poorly vascularised defects of the lower leg Padding of bony prominences Repair of the thoracic wall Protection of large vessels Filling the empty orbit Filling a retropubic cavity Controlling urinary incontinence An aid to wound closure Contour restoration Closure of a vesico-vaginal fistula .