Targeted therapy in Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) occurs as a result of Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV) infection, typically in the context of one of several immunodeficient states. In the United States, patients with KS may either be co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or on immunosuppressant therapy following solid-organ transplantation. Systemic treatment of KS traditionally involved one of several chemotherapeutic agents either in combination or as single agents, which typically provides reasonable response rates and short term control. However recurrence is common and progression free intervals are under one year. For these reasons, new therapies have been sought and with the elucidation of novel pathogenic mechanisms of KS, rationale targets identified. These include KSHV replication, restoration of immune competence, and signal transduction pathways utilized by KSHV in the propagation of KS.