Economic optimization and potential analysis of fuel cell vehicle-to-grid (FCV2G) system with large-scale buildings

Abstract The popularization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCV) is an important measure for solving the global carbon emission reduction problem. However, the overall cost of FCV and the production cost of fuel hydrogen are relatively high, so FCV promotion is slow. Considering that FCV has the characteristics of near-zero carbon emission and high endurance, which is suitable for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system, this paper hoped to provide a boost for the promotion of FCV by analyzing the economic potential of the FCV2G system. Firstly, a large-scale commercial building in Japan was selected as the research target and the agent of vehicles to provide a V2G service for the power grid. Then the Monte Carlo simulation method was used to simulate the visiting time and condition of the vehicles. Secondly, the discharge model was established. Combined with the carbon emission price and self-elasticity coefficient of the discharge price, the overall economic optimization model was established. Then, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the model. With continuous importing of FCVs, the overall economic benefit was improved. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the six parameters of daily electricity price, battery cost, fuel cell cost, carbon emission price, power grid carbon emission and hydrogen cost. It was concluded that FCV2G has good economic benefits and high development potential, and the economic benefits of FCV2G will continue to increase with the passage of time.