Imaging vascular grafts in vivo with Indium-111-labeled platelets. Influence of timing on image interpretation

Platelets labeled with Indium-111 were used to visualize polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass grafts in vivo and to quantitate platelet deposition vs. time. The grafts were inserted into the femoral and carotid arteries of dogs and were first exposed to unlabeled blood for 0 to 3 hours. They were then imaged for up to 5 days. An index of activity, designed to correct for isotope decay and changing levels of background, was used to quantitate platelet deposition. Grafts exposed to unlabeled blood for, at most, 1 hour were visible immediately. When labeled platelets were administered to the circulation after at least 2 hours, grafts became visible only after 3 days. Continuous imaging of fresh implants, showing that platelet deposition does not increase monotonically with time, was used to explain this phenomenon. The interpretation of nuclear images of synthetic grafts depends on the delay between establishing flow in the grafts and the administration of labeled platelets.