Assessment of atmospheric deposition of major and trace elements using neutron activation analysis and GIS technology: Baku - Azerbaijan

Abstract For the first time, moss bags technique as a useful, inexpensive, and accessible biomonitoring for assessment airborne metals was employed in Baku. A total of 37 elements were determined in 21 moss bags ( Sphagnum girgensohnii ) exposed for three months and subjected to two complementary analytical techniques: INAA and AAS. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to categorize the enriched geochemical bounded elements. The obtained concentrations in mg/kg were compared with those published worldwide. The results are in line with those published in the literature. However, ratio of a specific metal over the total concentrations [C metal /C total ∗100] such as such as Pb (3.9%), V (4.9%), Al (5.5%), Sb (10%), Th (11.5%), Na (11.5%), and I (14.8%) were observed to be relatively high. Notable concentrations for seasalt elements Na and I were marked at locations near to salty lakes and reservoirs. The extent of contamination was quantified for the obtained elements using pollution and enriched indices. ArcGIS technology was used to interpolate and construct the spatial distribution maps for the enriched elements. Metal pollution index was mapped to identify four peak areas that might pose a significant hazard to the human and the environment.