Versatility of RNA-Binding Proteins in Living Cells

This conference paper aims at demonstration of complexity or multiplicity of RNA-binding protein (RBP) and its related RNA. The data in the manuscript are based upon the third Annual Meeting of the RNA study group, held at the Tokyo office of the Kyoto University on May 23 in 2019. The purpose of the meeting is to present recent progress of the study group and have discussion regarding RNA and related molecules, especially focusing on RBP in this year. We had fourteen sessions and documented ten of them in the manuscript. There were exciting and fruitful debates. Actual presentations are shown as follows. Specific RBP Sfpq and Qk are involved in neuronal development in mouse system. Also in mouse, liquid- and solid-like RNA granule formation plays pivotal roles in neuronal functions. Biochemical experiments demonstrate that affinity profiles categorize RNA-Binding proteins into distinctive groups. This presents basis for biological divergence of RBPs. In the context of pathology, RNA aptamers against prion and Alzheimer’s diseases may present therapeutic outcome. Computational analysis is another utility for approaching riddle of RBPs. The study of X-chromosome inactivation is pioneering field of long noncoding RNAs. Redundant triplex interactions between lncRNA and LINE-1s are supposed to be crucial in X-chromosome inactivation. Myogenesis-related lncRNA, Myoparr promotes skeletal muscle atrophy caused by denervation through the regulation of GDF5/BMP14 expression. In neurodegenerative disorders functional loss of TLS/FUS induces onset of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Conformational change of TLS is induced with binding of various nucleic acid molecules. TLS is also involved in phase separation into aggregation to pathogen generation of neurodegenerative diseases. The meeting has been successfully prorogued. We utilize the data to boost the activity of the field of RNA and RBP. The achievements of the meeting have confirmed pivotal roles of RBPs in living cells. It should be in complexity. We will be able to analyze intricate phenomena of RBP biological actions and contribute to uncover the veiled rules in divergent biological programs.