Interaction of nanomaterials with microbes

Abstract Nanomaterials have distinctively different properties from their bulk and molecular counterparts with better specificity, sensitivity, and functionality. Nanomaterials with different physiochemical properties have paved a path leading to a nanorevolution in different fields of science and technology such as health, agriculture, industry, and cosmetics. Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can come through traditional physical and chemical approaches, while biological synthesis is a proficiently proved and competent approach toward the development of green nanomanufacturing due to its cost effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Nanomaterial and microbial interaction play a significant role in antimicrobial activity. Inhibitory mechanisms of microbes include biomolecule damage, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, pore formation in cell membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species, and so forth. This chapter recapitulates the deeper knowledge of biosynthesis pathways of NPs, their types, nanomaterial and microbial interaction mechanisms as well as recent applications in different fields of science and technology.