Beam-Loading Effects in Small Reflex Klystrons

Beam-loading effects im small reflex klystrons have been measured experimentally by the use of electronic tuning data. They are found to be far greater than predicted by published analyses and to vary more or less linearly with total oscillator load, a variation not previously predicted. An analysis of beam-loading effects produced by secondary electrons ejected into the intergrid space by the main electron stream is found to predict large loading and linear variation with load, and to allow the possibility of negative beam loading.