Probing Membrane Protein Interactions by 19 F Solid-State NMR

The 19 F nucleus has a high gyromagnetic ratio that is comparable to that of proton. Due to its high sensitivity and low background in the biological systems, 19 F labeling has emerged as an attractive approach in biological solid-state NMR studies. In this review, we summarized the widely used 19 F-labeling strategies, 19 F solid-state NMR spectroscopy techniques to probe membrane protein interactions, and the recent applications of 19 F solid-state NMR in characterizing of membrane proteins. The limitations of 19 F solid-state NMR were also highlighted.