Monitoring of workers exposed to a mixture of toluene, styrene and methanol vapours by means of diffusive air sampling, blood analysis and urinalysis

Exposure of 34 male workers to combined toluene, styrene and methanol was monitored by personal diffusive sampling of solvent vapours in breathing zone air, analysis of shift-end blood for the 3 solvents and analysis of shift-end urine for hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids and methanol. The exposure of most of the workers was below current occupational exposure limits. Regression analysis showed that a linear correlation exists for each of the 3 solvents between any pairs of the concentrations in air, blood and urine. Namely, toluene, styrene and methanol concentrations in blood obtained at the end of a shift are linearly related to the time-weighted average intensity of exposure to corresponding solvents, and also hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as well as methanol in shift-end urine. The concentrations of hippuric, mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as well as methanol in urine correlated with the respiratory exposure intensity. Comparison of the present results with the exposure — excretion relationship after occupational exposure to the individual solvent showed that no modification in metabolism is induced by the combined exposure when exposure is low, as in the present case.