Quantification of fast pinna motions in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats

As part of their biosonar behaviors, rhinolophid (family Rhinolophidae) and hipposiderid bats (family Hipposideridae) both show conspicuous motions of their outer ears (pinna). These motions coincide with pulse emission and echo reception in time and could hence have a functional relevance for the encoding of sensory information. However, a quantitative in-depth characterization of these motions is still needed to derive detailed hypotheses for their function. To accomplish this, dense sets of landmark points have been placed on the pinna to provide for dense spatial coverage of its surface over the course of a motion cycle. Occlusion-free stereo tracking of the landmarks was accomplished with an array of four high-speed video cameras. Customized methods based on motion prediction have been used to track landmark points across video frames. The results have been used to construct accurate, continuous estimates of pinna surface motion. These estimates reveal that the pinna surface is subject to heterogeneo...