Surface RABBITT for determination of absolute ionization phase: A novel route towards absolute photoemission delays

By extending the RABBITT technique to noble metal surfaces the authors observed, for the first time, sub-cycle resolved dynamics with attosecond pulse trains in condensed matter systems. In contrast to streaking, this method is applicable to low-energetic harmonics and the required IR field strength is significantly lower. A simultaneously recorded RABBITT trace in argon allowed the proponents to evaluate the absolute, surface specific contribution to the transition phase.