Novo desenvolvimentismo e conflitos ambientais na Baía de Guanabara: o Complexo Petroquímico do estado do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ) e os pescadores artesanais

Changes in the Brazilian economic development strategy occurred in the last decade through the creation of large infrastructure projects. The Brazilian federal government launched all these projects in a Program called “Programa de Aceleracao do Crescimento - PAC” (Growth Acceleration Program). This strategy aimed to increase production, as well as its distribution. This new territorial restructuring carried out by federal policies marks a new development context called "new developmentalism", based mainly on the construction of large petrochemical ventures, power plants and highways, among others. In the present study, the construction of the Complexo Petroquimico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - COMPERJ (Petrochemical Complex of the State of Rio de Janeiro) is discussed. The COMPERJ illustrates a typical case of environmental conflict associated to the array of transformations determined by the PAC, in this case, due mainly to the institution of fishing exclusion zones in the Guanabara Bay. This project has produced an environmental conflict with the fishing groups and their various forms of appropriation and use of space, which is a condition of existence of their means of subsistence.