The water – food – energy nexus in Pakistan: a biophysical and socio-economic challenge
2018
Abstract. We draw on previous work examining historical trends, likely future
water use and food availability in Pakistan and extend the analysis to
consider interactions with hydropower generation and the energy demand in
food production due to pumping of groundwater for irrigation.
Business-as-usual scenarios suggest growing demands for groundwater and
energy use for food production as population grows rapidly. However,
groundwater use is already unsustainable in many areas, and energy supply is
failing to keep up with demand. Quantifying material linkages between water,
food and energy provides a means to explore biophysical constraints.
Characterising institutional constraints is equally important, as they can be
significant barriers to effective stewardship of water, energy and food
resources. The experience in Pakistan reinforces this finding, and we discuss
the implications for hydrologists.
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