El tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial al final del siglo XXI. Una mirada a la terapia génica

2003 
Correspondencia: Cesar Calvo Vargas. Tel. y fax: (01 33) 3618 4258 Direccion electronica: SUMMARY This article describes the treatment of arterial hypertension during the last century and attempts to establish what it will be during the present century, concentrating on analysis of gene therapy. In the first years of the Twentieth Century, Sir Clifford Albutt described hyperpiesis as the initial concept of hypertensive disease. In 1905. Nicolai Korotkoff described ausculatory method for measuring blood pressure. In 1967, the first clinical trial on severe hypertension was published, in which antihypertensive treatment reduced mortality associated with the disease. In 1995, the first successful gene transfer in animals was reported. Systolic blood pressure dropped from 10 to 15 %. Using venous tissue transplants in humans treated previously with gene transfer, genetic material had a positive reaction in 89 % of the group that received the transplant, which significantly reduced rejection along with occlusion. The usefulness of gene transfers is discussed in terms of knowledge of the distinct mechanisms responsible for development of high blood pressure. The paper ends with a series of thoughts to contemplate possible evolution in treatment of hypertensive disease, as well as the impact it could have on life expectancy. Hospitals will disappear, and physicians will no longer be the center of health care, surrendering their places to genetic information technicians. There will be more time for creativity and development of human potential. RESUMEN En este articulo se hace una revision de los avances que sobre el conocimiento de la hipertension arterial se tuvo durante el siglo pasado, de las expectativas al inicio del actual y, para finalizar, del desarrollo de la terapia genica. Si bien sir Clifford Albutt describio el concepto de enfermedad hipertensiva en los primeros anos del siglo XX, la presion arterial no se pudo medir en el consultorio sino a partir de 1905, ano en el que Nikolai Korotkoff descubrio el metodo auscultatorio para hacerlo. Para 1967 se publico el primer ensayo clinico que demostro los beneficios del tratamiento antihipertensivo, al reducir la mortalidad en pacientes con hipertension severa. En 1995 se informo por primera ocasion la transferencia genetica para el tratamiento de la hipertension, modificando la actividad vasodilatadora. La presion arterial sistolica disminuyo entre 10 y 15 % en los animales con los cuales se experimento. Recientemente se ha realizado terapia genica en seres humanos, utilizando trasplantes de tejido venoso para disminuir las posibilidades de rechazo. La capacidad de transfeccion fue de 89 % en el grupo que recibio E2F decodificado. Doce meses despues de la aplicacion del trasplante hubo menos oclusiones parciales o totales, y menos rechazos del tejido trasplantado.
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