Les Zones à Emissions Réduites en Europe et le transport de marchandises

Air pollution is a recurring issue in most European countries and urban regions. The environment action programmes of the European Union (the last was published in 2013) drive the implementation of constraining measures which aim to reduce polluting emissions. Low Emission Zones (LEZ) are one of these measures; they aim to limit the flow of polluting vehicles in a spatially defined area. So far, the Paris region has not implemented any type of LEZ, with the exception of a prohibition of old trucks in the afternoon within the city of Paris. This measure is poorly applied. The RETMIF project (Reduction of goods transport emissions, scenarios for Ile-de-France), led by IFSTTAR for the AACT-AIR programme of ADEME, deals with the links between Low Emission Zones and goods transport. The project’s objectives are: to analyze freight companies’ behavior when a LEZ is applied ; and to identify potential reductions of air emissions generated by trucks and vans in the case of a LEZ applied in the Paris region, using freight companies’ behavioral patterns in scenario analysis. This report has been written by IFSTTAR. It is the result of the first phase of the RETMIF project, which has three phases. The report includes a state of the art, easy to understand for everyone, of the Low Emission Zone in Europe, as well as a first overview of LEZ impacts on the activity of goods transport in some European cities (London and Berlin). In this document, the following points are described: - Context of air pollution in Europe, and the associated legislation, - Correlation between road freight transport and polluting emissions, - A typology of the different Low Emission Zones in Europe, representing the variety of European cities and defining the links between the characteristics of this typology and such zones, - A state of the art of two Low Emission Zones in Europe: London and Berlin, - A presentation of the positive and negative socio-economic impacts on logistics following the implementation of a Low Emission Zone.