Sarcosine Up-Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Cell Cycle Progression of Metastatic Models of Prostate Cancer
2016
The effects of sarcosine on the processes driving prostate
cancer (PCa) development remain still unclear. Herein, we show
that a supplementation of metastatic PCa cells (androgen
independent PC-3 and androgen dependent LNCaP) with sarcosine
stimulates cells proliferation in vitro. Similar stimulatory
effects were observed also in PCa murine xenografts, in which
sarcosine treatment induced a tumor growth and significantly
reduced weight of treated mice (p< 0.05). Determination of
sarcosine metabolism-related amino acids and enzymes within
tumor mass revealed significantly increased glycine, serine and
sarcosine concentrations after treatment accompanied with the
increased amount of sarcosine dehydrogenase. In both tumor
types, dimethylglycine and glycine-N-methyltransferase were
affected slightly, only. To identify the effects of sarcosine
treatment on the expression of genes involved in any aspect of
cancer development, we further investigated expression profiles
of excised tumors using cDNA electrochemical microarray
followed by validation using the semi-quantitative PCR. We
found 25 differentially expressed genes in PC-3, 32 in LNCaP
tumors and 18 overlapping genes. Bioinformatical processing
revealed strong sar-cosine-related induction of genes involved
particularly in a cell cycle progression. Our exploratory study
demonstrates that sarcosine stimulates PCa metastatic cells
irrespectively of androgen dependence. Overall, the obtained
data provides valuable information towards understanding the
role of sarcosine in PCa progression and adds another piece of
puzzle into a picture of sarcosine oncometabolic potential. ©
2016 Heger et al. This is an open access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.
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