Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Epicardial Left Ventricular Lead Placement by Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Nonresponders to Biventricular Pacing and Previous Chest Surgery

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to study the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transesophageal echocardiography–guided intraoperative left ventricular lead placement via a video-assisted thora...