Bread-making potential of heat-moisture treated cassava flour-additive complexes

Abstract Complexation of cassava flour with additives provides promising bakery functionality. In this study, cassava flour was complexed with guar gum (GG) and sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) using dry-heat-moisture treatment (250 g/kg, 90 °C and 45 min) and steam-heat-moisture treatment (150 g/kg, 120 °C/2 × 105 Pa and 10 min), respectively, and blended with wheat flour at 300 g/kg substitution level. Effect of heat-moisture treated cassava flour-GG/SSL complexes on dough rheological characteristics (farinograph, extensograph and viscoelasticity), bread characteristics (physical, crumb structure and texture) and bread staling kinetics of wheat-cassava composite flour were studied. Notably, wheat flour-dry-heat-moisture treated cassava flour-SSL complex ensued higher dough stability, loaf specific volume (26%) and bread crumb porosity and lower crumb hardness (19%) and loaf density (20%) relative to wheat-native cassava flour. Wheat flour-dry-heat-moisture treated cassava flour-GG complex revealed higher dough viscoelasticity and crumb adhesiveness (83%) relative to wheat-native cassava flour. Higher dough resistance to extension/extensibility ratio and lower amylopectin retrogradation kinetics was shown by wheat flour-steam-heat-moisture treated cassava flour-SSL complex when compared with wheat flour-native cassava flour. Wheat flour-steam-heat-moisture treated cassava flour-GG complex had higher crumb cohesiveness (33%), springiness (11%) and chewiness (30%) than wheat flour-native cassava flour. Noteworthy relationships between dough and bread characteristics were revealed.