Broadband and highly efficient quadratic interactions in double-slot lithium niobate waveguides through phase matching

We propose and study in detail a phase-matched quadratic optical interaction in a realizable 2D double-slot lithium niobate (LN) waveguide. As opposed to the single-slot waveguide, the field can be well confined in the nanometric nonlinear material, and it is also more flexible for birefringence and dispersion design. The proposed compact double-slot structure could not only achieve form birefringence phase matching but also effectively enhance the modal overlap integral and expand the working wavelength. The calculated results on second harmonic generation show an extremely large bandwidth of ∼40 nm. The modal overlap integral up to 0.035 W3/2/V can be realized by optimizing the waveguide geometry, and it is much better than previous results on single-slot waveguides. Its temperature dependence is low—around 25 °C. The geometry is practical considering the current micromachining technique of LN.