Study of ELF Propagation Parameters Based on the Simulated Schumann Resonances

The extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation parameters are obtained and studied based on the simulated Schumann resonances (SRs). To obtain the SRs, ELF EM wave propagation and EM environment of the Earth-ionosphere (E-I) system are rigorously simulated using the geodesic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Prony's method is introduced to analyze the simulation results for obtaining the SR parameters. After that, analytical methods combined with the obtained SRs are applied to obtain the propagation parameters including the attenuation rate and the phase velocity. Using the above procedure, propagation parameters are obtained and compared to analytical results. Finally, daily variations of the parameters in the equatorial region are simulated and compared to analytical predictions.