Film shrinkage inducing strong chain entanglement in fluorinated polyimide

Abstract Toughness and high elastic elongation are important requirements for polyimide films used as substrates in flexible displays. However, these properties can be altered by imidization during the thermal treatment. In the present study, we investigated a probable mechanism to enhance the toughness by shrinking fluorinated polyimide films containing benzidine moieties. A higher degree of fluorination leads to weaker intermolecular charge transfer and optically clearer films, but it also degrades the mechanical properties. Moreover, β -transition originating from the molecular rotation around benzidines makes the film dependent on the elongation conditions during solvent drying. According to frequency-sweeping measurements and simulations based on density functional theory and molecular dynamics, the β -transition temperature increases and the phase lag in elastic energy loss decreases with increasing shrinkage. Both experimental and theoretical findings suggest that the change in frequency dependence can be attributed to the variation in elasticity retardation, which possibly originates from the chain-entanglement density.