Is routine abdominal drainage necessary for patients undergoing elective hepatectomy? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives To evaluate comparative outcomes of routine abdominal drainage (RAD) and non-routine abdominal drainage (NRAD) during elective hepatic resection for hepatic neoplasms. Materials and methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science. The searching phrases included "liver resection," "hepatic resection," "hepatectomy," "abdominal drainage," "surgical drainage," "prophylactic drainage," "intraperitoneal drainage," "drainage tube," "hepatectomy," "abdominal drainage" and "drainage tube." Two independent reviewers critically screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Post-operative morbidity and mortality were the outcome parameters. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effect model. Results We have identified 9 RCTs and 3 comparative studies reporting total of 5726 patients undergoing elective hepatectomy under RAD (n = 3084) or NRAD (NRAD group, n = 2642). RAD was associated with significantly higher overall complication rate [odds risk = 1.79, 95% CI (1.10, 2.93), P = .02] and biliary leakage rate [odds risk = 2.41, 95% CI (1.48, 3.91), P = .0004] compared with NRAD. Moreover, it significantly increased hospital stays [mean difference = 0.95, 95% CI (0.02, 1.87), P = .04] compared with NRAD. RAD showed no difference regarding intra-abdominal hemorrhage, wound complications, liver failure, subphrenic complications, pulmonary complications, infectious complications, reoperation and mortality compared with NRAD. Conclusions Although routine abdominal drainage may help surgeons to observe post-operative complication, it seems to be associated with increased post-operative morbidity and longer hospital stays. Non-routine abdominal drainage may be an appropriate option in selected patients undergoing hepatic resection. Higher level of evidence is needed.