Cyber physical energy optimization control design for PHEVs based on enhanced firework algorithm

Energy management strategy (EMS) plays a vital role in improving the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). By virtue of excellent real-time performance, deterministic rule-based (DRB) method is widely introduced into EMS for the control of actual PHEV. However, fixed parameters are usually used as thresholds in traditional DBR control, which makes it difficult for PHEV to achieve excellent fuel economy. To solve this problem, relevant parameters need to be optimized, but the resulting time-consuming and complex process is an obstacle for practical application of this scheme. Nowadays, the emergence of technologies, such as wireless communication, remote monitoring and so on, has gave birth to the concept of cyber-physical system (CPS). It provides an opportunity to optimize parameters of DRB EMS. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a cyber physical energy optimization control design for PHEVs. Among them, DRB control is designed to allocate power tasks for the engine and electric motor (EM), according to state of the charge (SOC) of battery and demand power of vehicle. Moreover, to further improve performance of EMS, an enhanced firework algorithm (EFWA) is firstly proposed to optimize parameters of controller. Compared with original algorithm, a novel selection mechanism for non-CF is introduced in EFWA. It makes the excellent parameters could be obtained in a shorter time, which is more suitable for the complex optimization of EMS. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed EMS is verified and evaluated. The results show that it improves the fuel economy of PHEV by 10% and 12% over that using the unoptimized rule-based EMS, under the China typical urban driving cycle and real-world driving cycle, respectively.