Post-translational modification of neuronal chloride transporters

Abstract Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) and neuron-specific K+-Cl− cotransporter (KCC2) are essential for Cl− homeostasis in the central nervous system. The intracellular Cl− concentration determines the polarity and strength of the GABA response. Although it is now well established that the activity of KCC2 and NKCC1 are changed in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, the post-translational modification that regulate the function of KCC2 and NKCC1 is yet to be studied more intensely. Here we discuss the growing evidence of post-translational modification such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, glycosylation, oligomerization, and degradation, that rapidly and dynamically regulate the function of KCC2 and NKCC1.