In Vitro Validation of the Lesion Size Index to Predict Lesion Width and Depth After Irrigated Radiofrequency Ablation in a Porcine Model

Abstract Objectives In an in vitro model, the authors tested the hypotheses that: 1) lesion dimensions correlate with lesion size index (LSI); and 2) LSI could predict lesion dimensions better than power, contact force (CF), and force–time integral (FTI). Background When performing radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias, reliable predictors of lesion quality are lacking. The LSI is a multiparametric index incorporating time, power, CF, and impedance recorded during ablation. Methods RF lesions were created on porcine myocardial slabs by using an open-tip irrigated catheter capable of real-time monitoring of catheter–tissue CF. Initially, 3 power settings of 20, 25, and 30 W were used with a fixed CF of 10  g . A fixed power of 20 W was then set with a CF of 20 and 30 g , thereby yielding a total of 5 ablation groups. In each group, LSI values of 5, 6, 7, and 8 were targeted. Sixty RF lesions were created by using 20 ablation protocols (3 lesions for each protocol). Results Lesion width and depth were not correlated with power or CF, but the results significantly correlated with FTI (p  Conclusions In this in vitro model, FTI and LSI predicted RF lesion dimensions, whereas power and CF did not. The LSI predictive value was higher than that of FTI. Steam pops occurred only using high ablation power levels, regardless of the targeted LSI.