Bioconjugation of Different Nanosurfaces With Biorecognition Molecules for the Development of Selective Nanosensor Platforms

Abstract With the rising need in the field of point-of-care and on-field diagnostics, various bioreceptor-functionalized nanostructures have been explored for the realization of highly sensitive nano(bio)sensors. Some desirable features of a biosensor include the capability of detection sensitivity in the range of interest, simple sample preprocessing, reproducibility, real-time monitoring of target analytes, and possible regeneration. Antibodies and aptamers (single-stranded DNA or RNA) are the most versatilely used bioreceptors that have been extensively studied and applied successfully for the biosensor development, apart from enzymes, whole cells, and organelles. The response characteristics of nanosensor also depend on the type of nanomaterials embedded on the sensor and the chemistry used for tagging the nanomaterial with the biorecognition element. In this chapter, information has been provided on the functionalization of nanosensor surfaces with biorecognition elements via different conjugation chemistries.