Histomorphometric and μCT Analysis of Bone Biopsies From Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women Treated With Strontium Ranelate

Strontium ranelate is a new anti-osteoporotic treatment. On bone biopsies collected from humans receiving long-term treatment over 5 yr, it has been shown that strontium ranelate has good bone safety and better results than placebo on 3D microarchitecture. Hence, these effects may explain the decreased fracture rate. Introduction: Strontium ranelate's mode of action involving dissociation of bone formation and resorption was shown in preclinical studies and could explain its antifracture efficacy in humans. Materials and Methods: One hundred forty-one transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from 133 postmenopausal osteoporotic women: 49 biopsies after 1–5 yr of 2 g/d strontium ranelate and 92 biopsies at baseline or after 1–5 yr of placebo. Results and Conclusions: Histomorphometry provided a 2D demonstration of the bone safety of strontium ranelate, with significantly higher mineral apposition rate (MAR) in cancellous bone (+9% versus control, p = 0.019) and borderline higher in cortical bone (+10%, p = 0.056). Osteoblast surfaces were significantly higher (+38% versus control, p = 0.047). 3D analysis of 3-yr biopsies with treatment (20 biopsies) and placebo (21 biopsies) using μCT showed significant changes in microarchitecture with, in the strontium ranelate group, higher cortical thickness (+18%, p = 0.008) and trabecular number (+14%, p = 0.05), and lower structure model index (−22%, p = 0.01) and trabecular separation (−16%, p = 0.04), with no change in cortical porosity. The changes in 3D microarchitecture may enhance bone biomechanical competence and explain the decreased fracture rate with strontium ranelate.